In 1940, Chou Zigang, a progressive youth from the Anti-Japanese University in Yan'an, was suddenly appointed by the Central Committee to establish the Yan'an Nursery. Chou Zigang refused and said, "I didn't come to Yan'an to be the king of children!" Unexpectedly, Mao Zedong was the first to send his daughter Mao Jiaojiao to the nursery. From then on, the orphans of martyrs, the descendants of anti-Japanese soldiers, and the red blood of revolutionary leaders such as Mao Zedong and Liu Bocheng were handed over to the country women who were not well educated or even illiterate. The nursery has experienced real historical events such as "Fighting Whooping Cough", "Death of Liu Huabei", "Renamed Los Angeles Nursery", "Enemy Aircraft Bombing", "Spy Counterattack", "Struggle to Cross the Yellow River", "Yangko Opera Storm", and "Visiting Group of Chinese and Foreign Journalists". In 1947, the Kuomintang bombed Yan'an. Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai instructed that the nursery should retreat with the first batch of central agencies. During the retreat, the team of more than 300 people and more than 100 carriages was fiercely attacked by the enemy. In the end, Chou Zigang followed the Liberation Army into Beijing with the children without any casualties. On the day of the founding ceremony, the children stood in the square and watched the five-star red flag rise slowly.